85 Energy Efficiency Measures
Optimized heating systems
- Category: Cross-Cutting
- Area: Buildings
- Sub Area: Building heating
- Implementation Effort :
- Saving Potential :
The use of combined-heat-power plants or modern condensing boilers for providing heating can help to reduce energy demand. Further measures include the optimization of the heat distribution system, e.g. by automatically lowering the temperature at night or by hydraulic balancing.
Use of heat pumps for buildings
- Category: Cross-Cutting
- Area: Buildings
- Sub Area: Building heating
- Implementation Effort :
- Saving Potential :
Heat pumps increase the temperature levels of heat sources that cannot be used for other purposes because of their low temperature levels. Thereby, they render low grade heat usable and thus reduce energy demand for heating purposes, yet they also consume energy on their own. Efficiencies of heat pump systems may vary and choosing efficient models that are well adjusted to the specific operating conditions can help to decrease energy demand
Use of LEDs
- Category: Cross-Cutting
- Area: Buildings
- Sub Area: Lighting
- Implementation Effort :
- Saving Potential :
LEDs are diodes that emit an incoherent narrow spectrum of light which allows to construct light sources. Their key advantage as compared to traditional lighting systems such as incandescent lighting systems is their high efficiency with respect to the relation of light output per unit of power input. Furthermore, in comparison to other light types, their lifetime is expected to be quite high, reaching several ten thousands of operating hours.
Ensure adequate lighting
- Category: Cross-Cutting
- Area: Buildings
- Sub Area: Lighting
- Implementation Effort :
- Saving Potential :
Some buildings are unnecessarily over-illuminated by default. The identification of the adequate illumination requirements deals with determining how much lightning is actually necessary for a specific task. In this context, lighting requirements are defined according to their intended use. This includes general, localised or task-oriented lighting. The illumination of a walkway, for example, needs a lower level than a computer workstation. Energy savings can be identified by checking on the adequacy of the level and quality of lighting.
Managing lighting
- Category: Cross-Cutting
- Area: Buildings
- Sub Area: Lighting
- Implementation Effort :
- Saving Potential :
In some buildings, lighting is by default always on. Reducing the energy demand of lighting can be achieved by using lighting management control systems, e.g. based on motion and brightness sensors, the utilization of daylight or timers. A similar, a less technology-centred approach is to train occupants to more consciously use light, e.g. only when they are present.
Use of natural lighting
- Category: Cross-Cutting
- Area: Buildings
- Sub Area: Lighting
- Implementation Effort :
- Saving Potential :
While the recent improvements in LED technology have considerably reduced energy demand for lighting, the use of natural lighting in combination with articifial lighting where and when necessary helps to save energy. Maximising the use of natural lighting through either the installation of sky lights or else with the help of reflective tubes for areas that are difficult to reach can thus contribute to reducing energy consumption.
Ventilation fan-speed control
- Category: Cross-Cutting
- Area: Buildings
- Sub Area: Ventilation
- Implementation Effort :
- Saving Potential :
Ventilation often operates at its maximum rate. This is not necessarily required. Hence, adjusting the fan operating speed in accordance with the production (quantity, product type, machine on/off etc.), period (year, month, day, etc.) or the human presence in the work area is recommendable. An analysis of the appropriate operating speed can be done by using presence detectors, a clock or process-driven controls. Techniques for managing the variation of the airflow in line with the demand are electronic speed controls (adapting the operation rate of the fan while optimising the motor energy consumption) or the change of blade angle of propeller fans.
Energy-optimized ventilation design
- Category: Cross-Cutting
- Area: Buildings
- Sub Area: Ventilation
- Implementation Effort :
- Saving Potential :
Ventilation system can be attributed to three categories: general ventilation ensuring consistent environmental conditions for the entire work area, process ventilation integrated into the process itself and specific ventilation operating as close as possible to the source of pollution or heat. Choosing an optimal design before installation or making adjustments can help to cut energy consumptions by avoiding excessive ventilation. Aspects to consider in this context include ensuring a clean air intake, maintaining the necessary environmental conditions, the transportation of materials and the extraction of smoke, dust, humidity and/or hazardous substances.